心流笔记

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Wilson2025-10-13 20:04:38英语读书笔记
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one|Lesson 71~80 ​

Lesson 71~72 ​

✨课文

Preview
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Jane： What's Ron Marston like, Pauline?
Pauline： He's awful! He telephoned me four times yesterday, and three times the day before yesterday.
Pauline： He telephoned the office yesterday morning and yesterday afternoon. My boss answered the telephone.
Jane： What did your boss say to him?
Pauline： He said, 'Pauline is typing letters. She can't speak to you now!'
Pauline： Then I arrived home at six o'clock yesterday evening. He telephoned again. But I didn't answered the phone!
Jane： Did he telephone again last night?
Pauline： Yes, he did. He telephoned at nine o'clock.
Jane： What did you say to him?
Pauline： I said, 'This is Pauline's monther. Please don't telephone my daughter again!'
Jane： Did he telephone again?
Pauline： No, he didn't!
课文理解

✨单词

动词过去式变化 ​

⚡本课重点

在67~68课中学习的主要是「主系表结构」的一般过去时。而本节课则主要学习其「主谓宾结构」的一般过去时，核心结构是 主语+V.ed，它的谓语是实义动词V.ed

主谓宾结构一般过去时：隐式助动词did表示动作发生的时间

  • 肯定句：表示过去发生的动作、或存在的事实、状态。主语+V.ed(+其他)

    e.g. I loved you.、He talked to me yesterday.、We played with our parents yesterday.

  • 否定句：只需将实义动词改为原形并在其前面加上did not即可。主语+did not+V.(+其他)

    e.g. I did not live in Beijing last year.、He didn't talk to me yesterday.

  • 一般疑问句：只需将实义动词改为原形并把did加到句首(主语前面)即可。Did+主语+V.(+其他)

    e.g. Did you love me?、Did he talk to me yesterday?

  • 特殊疑问句：在一般疑问句的句首加上特殊疑问词并去掉答案。特殊疑问词+did+主语+V.(+其他)

    e.g. He talked to me yesterday. => Did he talk to me yesterday? => What did he do yesterday?

    先把陈述句中的实义动词改为原形，然后在句首加上did得到一般疑问句，最后用what对一般疑问句中的答案talk to me进行提问，并将what提到句首

动词过去式和过去分词的变化：

  • ①一般的动词后面直接加ed

    • 清辅音后面加ed时，读/t/

      e.g. talk => talked

    • 浊辅音或元音后面加ed时，读/d/

      e.g. need => needed

  • ②以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接在词尾加d

    e.g. love => loved、live => lived

  • ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加ed

    e.g. study => studied、carry => carried

  • ④以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ed

    e.g. play => played

  • ⑤以短元音加一个辅音字母结尾的动词(往往以重读闭音节的形式出现，即辅元辅)，先双写这个辅音字母再加ed

    e.g. stop => stopped、plan => planned

  • ⑥以ic结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ked

    e.g. traffic => trafficked、picnic => picnicked

  • ⑦不规则变化

    e.g. do => did、say => said

time

  • 作为不可数名词时，表示「时间」

  • 作为可数名词时，表示「次数」。3次或3次以上时，通常用数词+times

    e.g. once、twice、three times

speak to sb.：表示「与某人说话」

Lesson 73~74 ​

✨课文

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Last week Mrs Mills went to London. She does know London very well, and she lost her way.
Suddenly, she saw a man near a bus stop. 'I can ask him the way,' she said to herself.
'Excuse me,' she said. 'Can you help me the way to King Street, please?'
The man smiled pleasantly. He did not understand English! He spoke German. He was a tourist.
Then he put his hand into his pocket, and took out a phrasebook.
He opened the book and found a phrase. He read the phrase slowly. 'I am sorry,' he said. 'I do not speak English.'
课文理解

✨单词

形容词变副词 ​

⚡本课重点

副词：它在句子中的作用是「修饰动词作状语」。它对动词进行补充说明，告诉我们所修饰的动词在句子中的动作的状态、程度。副词可以是单个的词或词组

形容词变副词的规则

  • ①一般情况下直接在词尾加ly

    e.g. quick => quickly、pleasant => pleasantly

  • ②以辅音字母加y结尾

    • 词尾y的发音为/i/的形容词，变y为i再加ly

      e.g. happy => happily、thirsty => thirstily

    • 词尾y的发音为/ai/的形容词，直接在词尾加ly

  • ③以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词，变e为y

    e.g. simple => simply

  • ④以不发音的e结尾的形容词，去掉e后再加ly

    e.g. true => truly

  • ⑤以ic结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加ally

    e.g. economic => economically

  • ⑥以ll结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加y

    e.g. dull => dully

  • ⑦形容词和副词同形

    e.g. hard => well

Lesson 75~76 ​

✨课文

Preview
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Lady： Do you have any shoes like these?
Shop Assistant： What size?
Lady： Size five.
Shop Assistant： What colour?
Lady： Black.
Shop Assistant： I'm sorry. We don't have any.
Lady： But my sister bought this pair last month.
Shop Assistant： Did she buy them here?
Lady： No, she bought them in the U.S.
Shop Assistant： We had some shoes like those a mouth ago, but we don't have any now.
Lady： Can you get a pair of for me, please?
Shop Assistant： I'm afraid that I can't. They were in fashion last year and the year before last. But they're not in fashion this year.
Shop Assistant： These shoes are in fashion now.
Lady： They look very uncomfortable.
Shop Assistant： They are very uncomfortable. But women always wear uncomfortable shoes!
课文理解

✨单词

陈述句宾语从句 ​

⚡本课重点

本节课先主要学习陈述句做宾语从句的相关概念和基础知识，往后的99~100课和133~136课还会巩固学习这方面的知识

宾语从句：一个句子来充当宾语就叫做宾语从句。主句和从句之间用that连接，但that是可以被省略的。当主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态

  • 跟在表示人的情感或心理活动的形容词后面。主语+be+形容词(+that)+从句

    e.g. I'm afraid that I can't come tomorrow.、I'm glad that you can help them.

  • 跟在普通动词后面。主语+V(+that)+从句

    e.g. I think that you are right.、She knows that you will come.

给某人买某物

  • buy sth. for sb.

    e.g. I bought a book for my sister 2 weeks ago.

  • buy sb. sth.

    e.g. She bought her boyfriend a watch.

Lesson 77~78 ​

✨课文

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Nurse： Good morning. Mr. Croft
Mr. Croft： Good morning, nurse. I want to see the dentist, please.
Nurse： Do you have an appointment?
Mr. Croft： No, I don't.
Nurse： Is it urgent?
Mr. Croft： Yes, it is. It's very urgent. I feel awful. I have a terrible toothache.
Nurse： Can you come at 10AM on Monday, April 24th?
Mr. Croft： I must see the dentist now, nurse.
Nurse： The dentist is very busy at the moment. Can you come at 2PM?
Mr. Croft： That's very late. Can the dentist see me now?
Nurse： I'm afraid that he can't, Mr. Croft. Can't you wait until this afternoon?
Mr. Croft： I can wait, but my toothache can't!
课文理解

✨单词

⚡本课重点

在之前的69~70课已经初步了解了at、on、in三者在时间表示上的区别，本节课继续做补充

at用于小地点或钟点时刻的前面

  • e.g. at home、at six o'clock

on用于星期的前面或一个月中的具体某一天

  • e.g. on Monday、on April 1st

in用于月份、季节、国家或大地点的前面

  • e.g. in March、in sumber、in China、in Beijing

Lesson 79~80 ​

✨课文

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Tom： What are you doing, Carol?
Carol： I'm making a shopping list, Tom.
Tom： What do we need?
Carol： We need a lot of things this week.
Carol： I must go the grocer's. We haven't got much tea or coffee, and we haven't got any sugar or jam.
Tom： What about vegetables?
Carol： I must go to the greengrocer's. We haven't got many tomatoes, but we've got a lot of potatoes.
Carol： I must go to the butcher's, too. We need some meat. We haven't got any meat at all.
Tom： Have we got any beer and wine?
Carol： No, we haven't. And I'm not going to get any.
Tom： I hope that you've got some money.
Carol： I haven't got much.
Tom： Well, I haven't got much either!
课文理解

✨单词

have got ​

⚡本课重点

have和have got：两者所表达的意思相同，都是「有」。have got通常用于口语中，在「过去时态」和「重复动作」这两种情况下，have/has got不能代替have

  • e.g. I have a car. = I have got a car.

注意，虽然have got在形式上看起来和现在完成时的结构很像，但have got并不属于现在完成时，它只是英语在演变过程中产生的一种习惯用法罢了

  • 肯定句：表示某人有某物。主语+have/has got+其他

    e.g. I have got a car. = I've got a car.、He has got a car. = He's got a car.

  • 否定句：直接在have或has的后面加上not即可，也可以用助动词do/does。主语+haven't/hasn't got+其他

    e.g. I haven't got a car. = I don't have a car.、He hasn't got a car. = He doesn't have a car.

  • 一般疑问句：只需将have或has提到句首(主语前面)即可，也可以用助动词do/does。Have/Has+主语+got+其他

    e.g. Have you got a car? = Do you have a car?、Has he got a car? = Does he have a car?

  • 特殊疑问句：在一般疑问句的句首加上特殊疑问词并去掉答案。特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+got+其他

    e.g. I have got a car. => Have you got a car? => What have you got? = What do you have?

    先把陈述句中的have提到句首得到一般疑问句，再用what对一般疑问句中的答案a car进行提问，并将what提到句首

need：单词本义为「需要」

  • 当作为情态动词时，没有人称、数和时态上的变化，可以直接对其加not构成否定形式，常用于否定和疑问句中。need+V.

    e.g. You needn't hurry.、Need I make an appointment?

  • 当作为实义动词时，就要有人称、数和时态上的变化，能用在各种句式中，否定和疑问句时需要用助动词do/does。need(+to)+V.

    e.g. He needs some rest.、I don't need to rest.、Do you need to rest?

much和many：都表示「许多」

  • much：修饰不可数名词，用在否定和疑问句中

    e.g. There isn't much tea on the table.、How much money do you want?

  • many：修饰可数名词，能用在各种句式中

    e.g. There are many cars in the park?、There aren't many dishes in the kitchen?、How many photos did you take?

a lot of：表示「许多」。既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，能用在各种句式中

  • e.g. I've got a lot of money.、We've got a lot of apples.、He hasn't got a lot of free time.

转换为在否定和疑问句

  • 如果a lot of后面跟可数名词，则把a lot of换成many

    e.g. I've got a lot of friends.、I haven't got many friends.、Have you got many friends?

  • 如果a lot of后面跟不可数名词，则把a lot of换成much

    e.g. I've got a lot of money.、I haven't got much money.、Have you got much money?

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